B.Tech. in Chemical Engineering

A quantitative introduction to the theoretical and physical principles in fluid mechanics that are of fundamental importance to chemical engineers. The course is intended to be a first course in fluid mechanics for undergraduate 2nd year students in chemical engineering.
The course will begin by introducing the necessary fundamental concepts of fluid flow, and proceed to cover both macroscopic (i.e. integral balances) and microscopic (i.e. differential balances) approaches to analyse various fluid ow phenomena encountered in chemical engineering applications.
Some specific applications that will be covered in detail are:
Pipe flows, fittings and friction factor charts
Fow past immersed bodies: drag forces, settling
Flow through packed beds and fluidized beds
Fluid transportation (pumps, compressors and valves)
Flow measurement techniques, and
Agitation and mixing

Unit 1(Lecturer 1-3)
 Units and Dimensions, Conversion of Units and conversion factors, Dimensional consistency and Mole unit, Density, specific gravity, mole Fraction and mass fraction, Concentration, Temperature and pressure.
Unit 2 (Lecturer 4-8)
 Basis, General Material Balance, Material Balance without chemical reaction, Material Balance with chemical reaction, Material balances with multiple subsystems.
Unit 3 (Lecturer 8-14)
 Recycle bypass and purge calculations, Ideal gas calculations, Ideal gas mixtures and partial pressure, Vapor pressure, saturation, partial saturation and humidity.
Unit 4 (Lecturer 15-21)
 The General Energy balance, Calculations of enthalpy changes, Enenrgy balances that account for chemical reactions.
Unit 5 (Lecturer 22-28)
 Heat of solution and mixing, Humidity charts and their use, Analyzign the degree of freedom in a steady state process, solving material and energy balance using flow sheeting codes.

Course description not available.

Introduction to chemical reaction engineering, rate equations, conversion and reactor sizing for single and multiple reactions, kinetics of homogeneous reactions, derivation of reactor design equations, analysis and sizing of reactors, data collection and plotting to determine rate constants, reactor networks (series/parallel), reaction mechanisms, temperature and pressure effects on reactions and reactor design, simultaneous material and energy balances, multiple steady-states, residence time distributions in non-ideal reactors.

• The general objectives of Mass Transfer Operations-I are to discuss the fundamental concepts of mass transfer principles and to apply those concepts to real engineering problems. • This course will provide an overview of mass transfer operations at basic to an intermediate level. Coverage will be relatively broad. • This course applies the concepts of diffusion mass transfer, mass transfer coefficients, convective mass transfer, interphase mass transfer, equipment for gas-liquid operations, absorption, and distillation. • Each topic will be covered in logical sequence with relevant examples. • The goal is to provide students with the theoretical/analytical background to understand mass transfer operations and to tackle the sort of complex problems.

Course Summary

This course supplements the understanding of fluid flow/ heat transfer problems achieved during the undergraduate Fluid Mechanics (FM) and Heat Transfer (HT) course through live examples. This lab course involves performing the experiments utilising the taught principles.

Course Aims

To enable students to relate and develop their understanding of theoretical concepts taught in the lectures through the respective experiments.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, the students will:
1. have an improved understanding of the principles of FM and HT;
2. learn how to conduct an experiment for fluid flow and heat exchange related problems;
3. apply basic principles to solve real life problem based on FM and HT;
4. be able to record experimental data, interpret and represent conclusive findings; and
4. be able to design simple experimental setups.

Curriculum Content

List of experiments for Fluid Mechanics:

Obstruction type flow meters
Pressure measurements
Bernoulli’s theorem
Reynolds experiment and determination of friction factor
Pipe flow

List of experiments for Heat Transfer:

Heat conduction: Composite wall and lagged pipe
Heat conduction: Heat transfer through pin fin apparatus
Heat convection: Heat transfer in natural and forced convection
Heat radiation: Emissivity measurement
Parallel and counter flow heat exchanger

Teaching and Learning Strategy

The course entails conducting practical experiments. The subjective concepts have been covered in previous semesters in dedicated courses.
Teaching and Learning Strategy Description of Work Class Hours Out-of-Class Hours
Practical sessions Performing experiments 2 hours/week 0 hour/week

ASSSESSMENT.

Assessment Scheme

Type of Assessment Description Percentage
Pre-experimental quiz Continuous evaluation for all experiments 20
Experiments, laboratory reports Performing experiments and its continuous evaluation and writing final report. 50
End-sem viva Final practical exam with viva 30
Total 100%

Bibliography
R. W. Fox and A. T. McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Frank M. White, Fluid Mechanics
W. L. McCabe, W. L. Smith, and P. Harriot, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
R. B. Bird, W. L. Stewart and E. L. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena
JP Holman, Heat Transfer
Incropera Dewitt, Principles of Heat and Mass Transfer

Process Dynamics and Control

Unit operations and unit processes, functions of chemical engineer, new emerging areas: Study of the following chemical industries/processes involving process details, production trends, thermodynamic considerations, material and energy balances, flow sheets, engineering problems pertaining to material of construction, waste regeneration/ recycling, and safety, environmental and energy conservation measures.  Industrial gases: hydrogen, producer gas, and waste gas. Nitrogen industries: Ammonia, nitric acid, nitrogenous and mixed fertilizers, Chlor-Alkali industries: Common salt, caustic soda, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, soda ash, Sulphur industries: Sulphuric acid, oleum.  Cement industries: Portland cement, Petrochemicals: Formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, acrylonitrile, styrene, butadene, Agrochemicals: Important pesticides, BHC, DDT, Malathion, Alcohol industries: Industrial alcohol, Absolute alcohol, Oil, Fats and waxes, soaps and detergents, pulp and paper industry.

(A high level overview of the aims of the course, student activities, nature of assessment.)
Chemical Process Industry deals with extremes of temperature, pressure, toxicity, corrosiveness, viscosity, etc. while supplying almost all the daily needs. It plays a vital role in economic development of a nation by giving employment to millions and earning foreign exchange by exports. Any major accident can be fatal to workers as well as to the particular company. It is essential that students graduating with Chemical Engineering Degree have sufficient knowledge of the situations that can arise, how to prevent them and minimize their consequences if accidents do happen. The concerns have increased due to possible deliberate actions of disgruntled persons to cause harm. The course aims to equip students with requisite knowledge. The learning process will involve lectures by instructor and industry experts, home assignments, term project and exams. These will be used for assessment.

Course description not available.

This course will focus on introductory chemical principles, including periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular structure, equilibrium and the relationship between structure and properties. Students will explore stoichiometric relationships in solution and gas systems which are the basis for quantifying the results of chemical reactions. Understanding chemical reactivity leads directly into discussion of equilibrium and thermodynamics, two of the most important ideas in chemistry. Equilibrium, especially acid/base applications, explores the extent of reactions while thermodynamics helps us understand if a reaction will happen. The aim of the laboratory will be to develop your experimental skills, especially your ability to perform meaningful experiments, analyze data, and interpret observations. This is a required course for Chemistry majors, but also satisfies UWE requirements for non-majors.

COURSE CONTENT:

1. Atomic structure, Periodic table, VSEPR, Molecular Orbital theory, and biochemistry:
   
   1. Introduction: why chemistry in engineering? Concept of atom, molecules, Rutherford’s atomic model, Bohr’s model of an atom, wave model, classical and quantum mechanics, wave particle duality of electrons, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Quantum-Mechanical Model of Atom, Double Slit Experiment for Electrons, The Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen atoms, de Broglie wavelength, Periodic Table.
   2. Schrodinger equation (origin of quantization), Concept of Atomic Orbitals, representation of electrons move in three-dimensional space, wave function (Y), Radial and angular part of wave function, radial and angular nodes, Shape of orbitals, the principal (n), angular (l), and magnetic (m) quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion principle.
   3. Orbital Angular Momentum (l), Spin Angular Momentum (s), spin-orbit coupling, HUND’s Rule, The aufbau principle, Penetration, Shielding Effect, Effective Nuclear Charge, Slater’s rule.
   4. Periodic properties, Ionization Energies of Elements, Electron affinities of elements, Periodic Variation of Physical Properties such as metallic character of the elements, melting point of an atom, ionic and covalent nature of a molecule, reactivity of hydrides, oxides and halides of the elements.
   5. Lewis structures, Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR), Valence-Bond theory (VB), Orbital Overlap, Hybridization, Molecular Orbital Theory (MO) of homo-nuclear and hetero-nuclear diatomic molecules, bonding and anti-bonding orbitals.
   6. Biochemistry: Importance of metals in biological systems, Fe in biological systems, Hemoglobin, Iron Storage protein - Ferritin]

2. Introduction to various analytical techniques:

UV-Visible Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, X-Ray crystallography

Spectroscopy: Regions of Electromagnetic Radiation, Infra-Red (IR) Spectroscopy or Vibrational Spectroscopy of Harmonic oscillators, degree of freedom, Stretching and Bending, Infrared Spectra of different functional groups such as OH, NH₂, CO₂H etc., UV-Vis Spectroscopy of organic molecules, Electronic Transitions, Beer-Lambert Law, Chromophores, principles of NMR spectroscopy, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR, chemical shift, integration, multiplicity,

X-ray crystallography: X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s Law, Crystal systems and Bravais Lattices

1. The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, kinetics and intermolecular forces:

• Heat & Work; State Functions
• Laws of thermodynamics
• Probability and Entropy
• Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability
• Determination of rate, order and rate laws
• Free Energy, Chemical Potential, Electronegativity
• Phase Rule/Equilibrium
• Activation Energy; Arrhenius equation
• Catalysis: types; kinetics and mechanisms
• Electrochemistry
• Inter-molecular forces

 4. Introduction to organic chemistry, functional group and physical properties of organic compounds, substitution and elimination reaction, name reactions and stereochemistry

Texts & References:

1. Chemical Principles - Richard E. Dickerson, Harry B. Gray, Jr. Gilbert P. Haight
2. Valence - Charles A. Coulson [ELBS /Oxford Univ. Press]
3. Valence Theory - J. N. Murrell, S. F. A. Kettle, J. M. Tedder [ELBS/Wiley]
4. Physical Chemistry - P. W. Atkins [3^rd Ed. ELBS]
5. Physical Chemistry - Gilbert W. Castellan [Addison Wesley, 1983]
6. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach -Donald A. McQuarrie, J.D . Simon
7. Inorganic Chemistry:  Duward Shriver and Peter Atkins.
8. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity by James E. Huheey,
9. Ellen A. Keiter and Richard L. Keiter.
10. Inorganic Chemistry: Catherine Housecroft, Alan G. Sharpe.
11. Atkins' Physical Chemistry, Peter W. Atkins, Julio de Paula.
12. Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis, Author: Kurti Laszlo et.al
13. Classics in Stereoselective Synthesis, Author: Carreira Erick M & Kvaerno Lisbet
14. Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions Student Edition, Author: Fleming Ian
15. Logic of Chemical Synthesis, Author: Corey E. J. & Xue-Min Cheng
16. Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms /2nd Edn., Author: Grossman Robert B.
17. Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach/ 2nd Edn., Author: Warrer Stuart & Wyatt Paul

Other reading materials will be assigned as and when required.

Prerequisite: None.

Mathematical Methods I

COURSE DESCRIPTION :

In this course we study multi variable calculus. Concepts of derivatives and integration will be developed for higher dimensional space. This course has direct applications in most of engineering applications.

ASSESSMENT SCHEME :

• Midterm 1 (20 %)
• Midterm 2 (20 %)
• End term ( 30 % )
• Tutorial quizzes ( 20 %)
• HW 10 %

Core course for B.Tech. except Computer Science. Not available as UWE.

Credits (Lec:Tut:Lab)= 3:0:0 (3 lectures weekly)

Prerequisites: MAT 103 (Mathematical Methods I)

Overview:  Probability is the means by which we model the inherent randomness of natural phenomena. This course introduces you to a range of techniques for understanding randomness and variability, and for understanding relationships between quantities. The concluding portions on Statistics take up the problem of testing our theoretical models against actual data, as well as applying the models to data in order to make decisions.

Detailed Syllabus:

1. Probability: sample space and events, classical and axiomatic probability, permutations and combinations, conditional probability, independence, Bayes’ formula 
2. Random Variables: discrete and continuous probability distributions, mean and variance, binomial and Poisson, normal, joint distributions, covariance, correlation and regression (linear) 
3. Mathematical Statistics: exploring data, random samples, point estimation, Central limit theorem, Maximum likelihood, chi-square, t and F-distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing

References:

1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig, Wiley.
2. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists by Sheldon Ross, 2nd edition, Harcourt Academic Press.
3. Theory and Problems of Beginning Statistics by L. J. Stephens, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw-Hill
4. John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with Applications by I. Miller & M. Miller, 7^th edition, Pearson, 2011.

Past Instructors: Charu Sharma, Niteesh Sahni, Suma Ghosh

Introduction to graphical representation using free hand drawing and computer-aided drafting. Engineering graphics covers basic engineering drawing techniques such as Lines & Lettering, Geometrical Constructions, Orthographic and Isometric Projections, Sectional views, and Dimensioning. This course uses the latest release of computer-aided design (CAD) software commonly used in industry to introduce students to CAD interface, structure, and commands. An introduction to 3D printing will also be give, Students will draw the above mentioned projections and constructions on A1/A2 size drawing sheets, and later in AutoCAD. At the end of the course, students will be given a chance to print their models made on AutoCAD using a 3D printer. Students would be judged on mostly timely submissions of the Drawing Sheets (Assignments) and AutoCAD models, and a Major Exam during the semester.

The aim of this course is to bridge the gap between the various boards across the country at 10+2 level and bring everyone at the standard undergraduate level. All the engineering branches have their origin in the basic physical sciences. In this course we aim to understand the basic physical laws and to develop skills for application of various physical concepts to the science and engineering through problem solving. This will involve the use of elementary calculus like differentiation and integration.   

Detailed Syllabus        

Mechanics: The inertial reference frames, Newton’s laws of motion in vector notation, Conservation of energy, Application of Newton’s laws of motion, Dynamical stability of systems: Potential energy diagram, Collisions: Impulse, conservation of energy and linear, momentum, Conservation of angular momentum and rotation of rigid bodies in plane Thermal Physics: Averages, probability and probability distributions, Thermal equilibrium and macroscopic variables, Pressure of an ideal gas from Newton’s laws - the kinetic theory of gases. Maxwell’s velocity distribution, Laws of Thermodynamics and the statistical origin of the second law of thermodynamics, Application of thermodynamics: Efficiency of heat engines and air-conditioners, Thermodynamics of batteries and rubber bands