Course Objectives
To understand basic principles of various mechanical operations, construction and working of the equipments.
Course Outcome • Ability to understand fluid particle systems and equipment • Ability to select suitable size reduction equipment, solid-solid separation method and conveying system
• Ability to analyze mixing processes • Understanding of fluid flow through fluidized beds • Understanding liquid-liquid extraction and Drying
UNIT-I : Particle Size distribution
Importance of particle size in reactions, particle size, shape and mass distributions,measurement and analysis, concept of average diameter.
Screening
Screening equipment, capacity and effectiveness of screen, effect of mesh size on capacity of screen. Particle size analysis:- mean diameter, derived diameter. Sieving -cumulative method and differential method.
Transportation and storage of solids
Studies performance and operation of different conveyor systems like Belt, Screw, Apron, Flight, pneumatic conveyor and elevators; Storage of solids and discharge pattern from storage bin.
UNIT-II : Size Reduction
Factors affecting size reduction, comminution laws : Kicks law, Rittingers law and Bonds law and their limitations. Crushing efficiency & power consumption.
Size reduction equipments
Grinder Construction and operation of Hammer mill, Ball mill, Ultrafine grinder Fluid energy mill, Cutting machines: knife cutters.
UNIT-III : Separation based on particle Mechanics through liquids
Free settling and Hinderd settling, Stokes law & Newtons law regimes of settling. Clarifiers and thickeners, flocculation, batch sedimentation (Kynch theory), rate of sedimentation.
Filtration
Theory and principle of solid liquid filtration, cake filters, discontinuous pressure filter: principle and working of filter press.
Mixing & Agitation
Principles of agitation, agitation equipment, Solid solid mixing equipment, Mixing effectiveness and Mixing index. Flow patterns in Agitated vessels,Impellers,Types of impellers,power consumption of Impellers.
UNIT-IV : Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Ternary equilibrium. Solvent selection. Single stage. Multi-stage cross-current, counter-current extraction. Equipment for liquid-liquid extraction. Design of Liquid Liquid Extraction Columns.
UNIT-V : Drying
Introduction, Equilibria, Drying rate curves. Mechanism of drying, types of dryers. Design of batch and continuous dryers. Solid Dryer Design.
UNIT-VI : Fluidizaion
Introduction to fluidization, Types of fluidization, Conditions for fluidization, Minimum fluidization velocity.